Manned
mission to Mars: The state of readiness of nations and organizations
that have long-term intentions to send humans to Mars.• The US does not have a launcher capable of sending humans to Mars, although the Orion spacecraft, currentl
y
under development by NASA, could ferry astronauts from the surface of
Earth to join a Mars-bound expedition in Earth orbit and then back to
Earth's surface once the expedition has returned from Mars.
• The European Space Agency has sent robotic probes, and has long-term plans to send humans but has not yet built a human-capable launcher. There is a proposal to convert ESA's existing Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) for crewed launches.
• Russia can send humans into Earth-Orbit and has extensive experience with long-term manned orbital space flight due to its space station programs. A simulation of a manned Mars mission, called Mars-500, was completed in Russia in November 2011.
• Japan has sent one robotic mission to Mars, the Nozomi (のぞみ).
• China's mission to Mars, the Yinghuo-1 space probe, was lost with Russia's sample return mission to Phobos, Fobos-Grunt.
• India plans to launch an unmanned mission to Mars.
• The European Space Agency has sent robotic probes, and has long-term plans to send humans but has not yet built a human-capable launcher. There is a proposal to convert ESA's existing Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) for crewed launches.
• Russia can send humans into Earth-Orbit and has extensive experience with long-term manned orbital space flight due to its space station programs. A simulation of a manned Mars mission, called Mars-500, was completed in Russia in November 2011.
• Japan has sent one robotic mission to Mars, the Nozomi (のぞみ).
• China's mission to Mars, the Yinghuo-1 space probe, was lost with Russia's sample return mission to Phobos, Fobos-Grunt.
• India plans to launch an unmanned mission to Mars.
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